Giant Ibis Transport (private, interregional, Ho Chi Minh, Bangkok, & Vientiane); Mekong Express (private, interregional, Vietnam, & Thailand); Sorya Bus (private, interregional)
TRAIN SERVICES
Cambodia Royal Railway (public, interregional connecting Phnom Penh to Sihanoukville in the South and Poipet in the West)
POPULAR AIRLINES
Cambodia Angkor Air, Vietnam Airlines, Thai Airways, AirAsia (budget), Lion Air Cambodia (budget), JC International Airlines (budget)
ECOSYSTEM
Tropical Rainforests in the North/East, Mangroves in the South, Grasslands in the Center and North, Deciduous Forests in the Central West, Coral Reefs, and Aquatic regions.
DANGEROUS WILDLIFE
Saltwater Crocodile, Indochinese Tiger, King Cobra, Malayan Krait, Cambodian Pit Viper, Banded Krait, Asian Elephant (if provoked), Asian Black Bear, Stonefish
Cambodia is celebrated for its rich cultural heritage, with a history deeply intertwined with the majestic Angkor Wat—the largest religious monument in the world. The ancient city of Angkor, adorned with intricate temples like Bayon and Ta Prohm, showcases the architectural brilliance of the Khmer Empire.
Cuisine
Cambodian cuisine is known for its diverse flavors and fresh ingredients. Dishes like Amok, a flavorful fish curry, and Lok Lak, a stir-fried beef dish, highlight the country's unique culinary traditions. Street food markets, offering delicacies like num banh chok (rice noodle soup) and fried insects, provide a vibrant and affordable dining experience.
Natural Wonders
Cambodia boasts breathtaking natural landscapes, with the awe-inspiring Tonle Sap Lake, the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia, and the lush Cardamom Mountains. The enchanting beauty of Koh Rong and Koh Rong Samloem, pristine islands with white sandy beaches, attracts nature lovers and beach enthusiasts.
Historical Sites
Beyond Angkor Wat, Cambodia has other historical gems, including the Royal Palace in Phnom Penh, the Silver Pagoda, and the ancient temples of Preah Vihear. The Killing Fields and Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum serve as poignant reminders of the country's tumultuous past.
Hospitality and Warmth
Cambodian people are known for their genuine hospitality and friendliness. The welcoming smiles of locals contribute to the country's reputation as the "Kingdom of Wonder," making visitors feel embraced by the warmth of Cambodian culture.
Festivals
Cambodia's vibrant festivals, such as Khmer New Year (Chaul Chnam Thmey) and the Water Festival (Bon Om Touk), are marked by colorful celebrations, traditional dances, and boat races. These events showcase the deep cultural and religious roots embedded in Cambodian society.
Traditional Arts
Cambodia has a rich tradition of classical dance, exemplified by the Apsara dance, which depicts ancient tales through intricate and graceful movements. Traditional Khmer music and shadow puppetry add to the country's artistic tapestry.
Community Spirit
Cambodian communities often engage in communal activities, and the concept of "sangha," the Buddhist monastic community, is central to the nation's spiritual fabric. Villages and towns celebrate local events together, fostering a strong sense of community.
DESTINATIONS
Popular Destinations
Angkor Wat: A UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the most iconic temples in the world, Angkor Wat is the centerpiece of the ancient Angkor complex, showcasing Khmer architecture and artistry.
Siem Reap: The gateway to Angkor Wat, Siem Reap is a vibrant town with a lively atmosphere, night markets, and a blend of Khmer and colonial architecture.
Phnom Penh: The capital city, known for its historical sites, including the Royal Palace, Silver Pagoda, and the sobering Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum.
Sihanoukville (Kompong Som): A coastal city with beautiful beaches, including Otres Beach and Serendipity Beach, and a gateway to the nearby islands.
Banteay Srei: A smaller temple in the Angkor complex, known for its intricate carvings and pink sandstone.
Tonle Sap Lake: The largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia, known for its floating villages and diverse ecosystems.
Koh Rong: A beautiful island with pristine beaches, clear waters, and a laid-back atmosphere.
Preah Vihear: A temple perched on a cliff, offering panoramic views of the surrounding landscape.
Koh Kong: A province with lush rainforests, waterfalls, and opportunities for eco-tourism and adventure activities.
Kratié: Known for its proximity to the Mekong River, the town is a great place for dolphin watching and experiencing local life.
Bokor Hill Station: A former French colonial hill station with eerie abandoned buildings, offering panoramic views and a cool climate.
Underrated Destinations
Battambang: This town is known for its French colonial architecture, vibrant arts scene, and a laid-back atmosphere. Explore the Bamboo Train, visit the Phare Ponleu Selpak circus, and discover the Killing Caves for a poignant historical experience.
Koh Ker: Located in the northern part of Cambodia, Koh Ker is an archaeological site with ancient temples and a serene atmosphere. The main temple, Prasat Thom, offers panoramic views of the surrounding jungle.
Kampot: Nestled along the river, Kampot is known for its relaxed vibe and French colonial architecture. Explore the Pepper Plantations, take a boat trip on the river, and visit nearby Bokor National Park for stunning landscapes.
Kep: This coastal town is famous for its seafood and tranquil atmosphere. Enjoy fresh crab from the local market, relax on the beaches, and explore Kep National Park for hiking and panoramic views.
Koh Tang: For those seeking a more secluded island experience, Koh Tang is an underrated gem. It offers pristine beaches, crystal-clear waters, and excellent snorkeling and diving opportunities. Accessible by boat from Sihanoukville, it provides a peaceful retreat.
HOLIDAYS
January 7
Victory over Genocide Day Commemorates the end of the Khmer Rouge regime in 1979. It honors those who suffered during the Khmer Rouge era, a period marked by widespread genocide and human rights abuses.
February (Date Varies)
Chinese New Year Celebrated by the Chinese community in Cambodia. Festivities include vibrant dragon and lion dances, parades, traditional rituals, and family gatherings. The date varies each year based on the lunar calendar.
March 8
International Women's Day Recognizes and celebrates the achievements and contributions of women globally. It is a day to promote gender equality and raise awareness about women's rights.
April 14 to 16
Khmer New Year The traditional Cambodian New Year marked by water festivals, where people engage in water fights, symbolic cleansing, and family reunions. It is one of the most significant celebrations in Cambodia.
May 20
Visak Bochea Commemorates the birth, enlightenment, and death of Buddha. Similar to Visakha Bucha in Thailand, Cambodians engage in religious activities, visit temples, and make merit.
May 1
International Labor Day Honors workers and their contributions to society. It is a day to recognize the importance of labor rights and advocate for fair working conditions.
June 1
International Children's Day Dedicated to promoting the well-being and rights of children. It emphasizes the importance of providing a safe and nurturing environment for children to grow and thrive.
September 24
Constitution Day Commemorates the signing of the Cambodian constitution in 1993, establishing Cambodia as a constitutional monarchy. The day celebrates the principles of democracy and governance.
October 15
Commemoration Day of King's Father Norodom Sihanouk Honors Norodom Sihanouk, the former king and influential figure in Cambodian history. The day serves as a tribute to his legacy and contributions to the nation.
October 23
Paris Peace Agreements Day Marks the signing of the Paris Peace Agreements in 1991, a pivotal moment in Cambodia's history that aimed to bring an end to years of conflict and establish peace.
October (Date Varies)
Pchum Ben Also known as Ancestors' Day, Pchum Ben is a Buddhist festival dedicated to paying respects to deceased relatives. Cambodians offer food and prayers at pagodas for the spirits of their ancestors.
November 9
Independence Day Celebrates Cambodia's independence from French colonization in 1953. The day is marked by patriotic events, ceremonies, and cultural performances.
November 19
Water Festival (Bon Om Touk) Marks the reversal of the flow of the Tonle Sap River. The festival features boat races, illuminated floats, and vibrant celebrations, drawing people from across the country.
December 10
Human Rights Day Recognizes the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and promotes awareness of human rights issues. The day emphasizes the importance of upholding and protecting the rights of individuals.
MONEY
The Cambodian currency is the Riel (KHR), and it is used alongside the United States Dollar (USD) in daily transactions. The Riel is divided into smaller units called sen. While the Riel is the official currency, the USD is widely accepted and often used for larger transactions. In circulation are coins of 50, 100, 200, and 500 Riel, as well as banknotes of 1,000, 2,000, 5,000, 10,000, 20,000, 50,000, and 100,000 Riel. The Riel features images reflecting Cambodia's cultural heritage and historical significance, contributing to the vibrant and diverse monetary landscape of the country.
Spending Power
100,000 KHR notes (~25 USD)
A 100,000 KHR note holds substantial value and can cover more significant expenses in Cambodia, such as a stay at a mid-range hotel, a meal for a group, or a day tour. While not as commonly used for daily transactions, these notes are convenient for larger expenditures.
50,000 KHR notes (~12.50 USD)
Each 50,000 KHR note is suitable for covering expenses like a high-end meal, entrance fees to attractions, or a guided tour. With a few of these notes, you can manage several days of moderate to high spending.
20,000 KHR notes (~5 USD)
A 20,000 KHR note is versatile, covering expenses like meals at restaurants, transportation, or small shopping items. Collecting a few of these notes ensures flexibility for various mid-range expenses.
10,000 KHR notes (~2.50 USD)
Each 10,000 KHR note is useful for transactions such as dining at local restaurants, moderate shopping, or short-distance transportation. Accumulating these notes allows for convenient handling of day-to-day expenses.
5,000 KHR notes (~1.25 USD)
A 5,000 KHR note is practical for small to medium-sized transactions, including meals at local eateries, snacks, or short tuk-tuk rides. Having several of these notes ensures ease in managing moderate expenses.
2,000 KHR notes (~0.50 USD)
Each 2,000 KHR note can contribute to small purchases like snacks, drinks, or minor transportation expenses. Collecting a few of these notes provides flexibility for handling various daily expenses.
1,000 KHR notes (~0.25 USD)
A 1,000 KHR note holds significant spending power in Cambodia, covering a meal at a local restaurant or transportation within the city. While these notes are not typically practical for major expenses, they are useful for day-to-day transactions.
500 KHR notes (~0.12 USD)
Each 500 KHR note can contribute to a snack purchase or cover a short tuk-tuk ride. With a handful of these, you can manage various small expenses, making them convenient for everyday spending.
200 KHR coins (~0.05 USD)
A 200 KHR coin is suitable for small purchases like a bottle of water or a local snack. Collecting a few of these allows for easy transactions and minor expenditures throughout the day.
100 KHR coins (~0.02 USD)
Each 100 KHR coin can be used for minimal expenses, such as small items from a market stall or loose change in transactions. Accumulating these coins provides flexibility for various small purchases.
50 KHR coins (~0.01 USD)
A 50 KHR coin is ideal for very modest transactions, such as buying a single piece of fruit or contributing to a minimal transportation fare. Having several of these coins ensures the ability to handle minor expenses.
20 KHR coins (~0.005 USD)
A 20 KHR coin is suitable for extremely small purchases, such as condiments or small snacks. Accumulating these coins allows for convenient handling of minute expenses.
10 KHR coins (~0.0025 USD)
Each 10 KHR coin is minimal in value but can be used for tiny purchases or rounding off transaction amounts. Collecting these coins enables flexibility in handling the smallest expenses.
5 KHR coins (~0.0012 USD)
A 5 KHR coin has the smallest denomination and is appropriate for minute purchases or rounding off amounts in transactions. Accumulating these coins ensures readiness for the smallest expenses.
LANGUAGE
Language Structure
The Khmer language, or "ភាសាខ្មែរ" (Phasa Khmer), is the official language of Cambodia and belongs to the Austroasiatic language family. It is the primary means of communication for the majority of the Cambodian population. Khmer is a non-tonal language, meaning that the pitch or tone in which a word is spoken does not affect its meaning. The language utilizes a script known as Khmer script, which is derived from the ancient Brahmi script. The Khmer script is written from left to right and is used for various purposes, including literature, official documents, and everyday communication. Khmer has undergone linguistic changes over the centuries, influenced by interactions with neighboring languages, including Pali, Sanskrit, and Thai. The language has borrowed vocabulary and linguistic elements from these sources, contributing to its rich linguistic history. Despite historical influences, Khmer maintains its unique linguistic characteristics and is distinct from other languages in the region.
Beginners Guide
Hello - ជំរាបសួរ (Chomreabsuor)
Hi - សួស្តី (Suostei)
Good morning - បុណ្យភូមិនាយុទ្ធពិបាក (Bon phum vun) [informal]
Good afternoon - បុណ្យភូមិនាយុទ្ធពិបាក (Bon phum vun) [informal]
Good evening - សារុបិយើម (Sarobyeum)
Good night - រាត្រីសុវត្ថិ (Ratri savat)
I'm sorry - សូមទោស (Som tos)
Excuse me - សូមទោស (Som tos)
Where is ... ? - ... នៅទីណា ( ... nov tee nai?)
Please - សូម (Som)
Thank you - អរគុណ (Aokun)
No thank you - ទេគេអរគុណ (Teuk aokun)
This - នេះ (Neh)
That - នៅនឹង (Nah nung)
Yes - បាទ (Baht)
No - ទេ (Teh)
Not - មិន (Min)
You - អ្នក (Anak)
I - ខ្ញុំ (Khnyom) / ញុំ (Nom) [for males]
My - របស់ខ្ញុំ (Robos khnyom) / របស់ញុំ (Robos nom) [for males]
My name is ... - ខ្ញុំឈ្មោះ ... (Khnyom ch'mooa ...) / ញុំឈ្មោះ ... (Nom ch'mooa ...) [for males]
Nice to meet you - ជួបសរសេរមកប្រុងខ្ញុំ (Choub soasdey mok bong khnyom)
How are you? - អ្នកសុខសប្បាយប៉ុន្មាន (Anak sok sabay bomman?)
Good - ល្អ (Loy)
Bad - មិនល្អ (Min loy)
I speak - ខ្ញុំនិយាយ (Khnyom nih yay)
I do not speak ... - ខ្ញុំមិននិយាយ ... (Khnyom min nih yay ...) / ញុំមិននិយាយ ... (Nom min nih yay ...) [for males]
Do you speak ... ? - អ្នកនិយាយ ... ទេ (Anak nih yay ... teh?)
English - អង់គ្លេស (Angkleis)
Spanish - អេស្ប៉ាញ (Espan)
German - អាល្លឺម៉ង់ (Alleyman)
French - បារាំង (Barang)
Phasa Thai - ហាសาឺប (Hasaeip)
Where is the restroom? - ទីតាំងបន្ទប់ទឹកជំនឿ (Tee tung bontuk tuk chumnei?)
Water - ទឹក (Tuk)
Food - អាហារ (Ah-ar)
Bed - គ្រែ (Krae)
Do you have ...? - តើលេខរៀងទេ ...? (Tae lek rieng teh ...?)
How much is this? - នេះតម្លៃប៉ុន្មាន? (Neh tamlep bonman?)
Too expensive - គិតលឿនពិបាក (Kit lerun phibak)
CUISINE
Amok (អាម៉ុក)
A traditional Cambodian dish featuring fish, chicken, or beef, marinated in coconut milk and spices, then steamed in banana leaves.
Bai Sach Chrouk (បាយសាច់ជ្រូក)
A popular breakfast dish with grilled pork served over rice, accompanied by pickled vegetables and a side of broth.
Lok Lak (ឡុកឡាក់)
Stir-fried marinated beef served with a tangy dipping sauce, often accompanied by lettuce and tomatoes.
Kuy Teav (គុយទាវ)
A noodle soup made with thin rice noodles and topped with a variety of ingredients such as pork, beef, or seafood.
Num Banh Chok (នំបញ្ចុក)
Fermented rice noodles served with a fish-based green curry sauce and fresh vegetables.
Prahok Ktis (ប្រហុកខ្ទិះ)
A dip made with fermented fish paste, coconut milk, and minced pork, often served with fresh vegetables.
Bai Sach Chrouk (បាយសាច់ជ្រូក)
A popular breakfast dish with grilled pork served over rice, accompanied by pickled vegetables and a side of broth.
Twa Ko (ត្វាគោ)
A traditional Khmer dessert made with sticky rice, black beans, and coconut milk, often wrapped in banana leaves.
Trey Chean Neung Spey (ត្រីជ័យនឹងស្ពៃ)
Steamed fish with a refreshing lime and garlic sauce, a common dish enjoyed with rice.
Borbor Sach Moan (បរបបសាច់មាន់)
A rice porridge with shredded chicken, ginger, and sometimes flavored with soy sauce.
Samlor Machu Trey (សម្លម្ជូរទ្រី)
A sour soup made with fish, tamarind, pineapple, and various vegetables.
Cha Houy Teuk (ឆាហ៊ុយទឹក)
A dessert featuring agar-agar jelly in vibrant colors, often served with sweetened coconut milk.
Tirk Prahok (ទឹកព្រះខ)
A traditional Cambodian rice wine.
Teuk Ampil (ទឹកអំពិល)
A refreshing and sweet drink made from boiled sugar cane juice.
Num Ansom Chek (នំអន្សមចិក)
Sticky rice cake wrapped in banana leaves, filled with mung beans, grated coconut, and sometimes banana.
Num Kom (នំកុម)
A sweet and sticky rice cake made with coconut milk, sugar, and mung beans.
Num Plae Ai (នំភ្លែយ)
A steamed banana cake made with rice flour, coconut milk, and ripe bananas.
GREEN CULTURE
Hipster Culture in Cambodia
In Cambodia, especially in urban areas like Phnom Penh and Siem Reap, there is a growing presence of hipster culture. This includes a focus on alternative and vintage aesthetics, appreciation for indie music and art, and a preference for unique, non-mainstream fashion. Hipster cafes and artistic spaces can be found, often embracing a bohemian atmosphere and showcasing local and international indie talents.
Ecological Preservation in Cambodia
Ecological preservation is gaining importance in Cambodia as the country recognizes the significance of its rich biodiversity and natural resources. Efforts are being made to protect and conserve areas like the Cardamom Mountains and Tonle Sap Lake. Organizations and initiatives focus on sustainable development, wildlife conservation, and responsible tourism to ensure the long-term well-being of Cambodia's ecosystems.
Vegetarian/Vegan Diet in Cambodia
While Cambodian cuisine traditionally includes a lot of meat and fish, there is a growing awareness of vegetarian and vegan diets. In urban areas, particularly in tourist destinations, you can find restaurants and cafes offering plant-based options. The trend is driven by health-conscious individuals, expatriates, and tourists seeking ethical dining choices. Local markets also provide a variety of fresh fruits, vegetables, and tofu for those following vegetarian or vegan lifestyles.
Cannabis Culture in Cambodia
Cambodia has a complex relationship with cannabis. While the use of marijuana is illegal, enforcement is often lax, and the substance is informally tolerated in certain areas. There have been reports of cannabis tourism in Cambodia, particularly in places like Siem Reap, where some establishments openly advertise "happy" pizza and other cannabis-infused products. However, it's important to note that the legal status and enforcement can vary, and travelers should exercise caution and respect local laws regarding drug use.
SEX CULTURE
Traditional Values
Cambodia has a conservative cultural background with traditional values that emphasize modesty and family honor. Discussions about sex are typically private, and overt public displays of affection may be frowned upon.
Commercial Sex Work
Cambodia has faced challenges related to the commercial sex industry, and efforts have been made to address issues such as human trafficking and exploitation. While there are establishments that provide adult entertainment in urban areas, it's important to note that the industry is a complex and sensitive issue.
Tourism and "Bar Culture"
In certain tourist-centric areas, there is a presence of "bar culture" where establishments may cater to individuals seeking entertainment that includes interaction with local individuals. However, it's crucial to approach such situations with respect and awareness of potential ethical concerns.
Modernization and Changing Attitudes
Like many countries, Cambodia is experiencing social changes due to modernization and globalization. Urban areas, in particular, may witness more open discussions about sex and relationships, influenced by exposure to Western media and values.
Education and Awareness
Efforts are being made to improve sexual education and awareness in Cambodia, particularly among the younger generation. NGOs and governmental initiatives aim to provide information on reproductive health, contraception, and the importance of consent.
HIV/AIDS Awareness
Cambodia has made progress in addressing HIV/AIDS, and awareness campaigns have been implemented to educate the public about safe practices and prevention.